Бесплатный автореферат и диссертация по биологии на тему

Регуляция аденилатциклазы сердца кролика кальмодулином и регуляторным компонентом, связывающим гуаниловые нуклеотиды

ВАК РФ 03.00.04, Биохимия

Содержание диссертации, кандидата биологических наук, Панченко, Михаил Павлович

ВВЕДЕНИЕ.

ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Глава I. Регуляция аденилатциклазы клеток эукариот гуани-ловыми нуклеотидами.

1.1. ГТФ-зависимая активация аденилатциклазы гормонами. Гормонстицулируемый регуляторный ГТФ-азный цикл.

1.2. Белковые компоненты гормонстимулируемого аденилатциклазного комплекса.;.

1.2Л. Гормональный рецептор.

1.2.2. Регуляторный компонент, опосредующий ГТФ-зависимую активацию аденилатциклазы гормоном.

1.2.3. Каталитический компонент эденилатциклазного комплекса

1.3. Лигандзависимые взаимодействия-между компонентами аденилатциклазного комплекса. Модель активации аденилатциклазы гормонами и гуаниловыми нуклеотидами.

Глава 2. Регуляция аденилатциклазы ионами кальция. Участие кальмодулина в проявлении Са^+-зависимой активации фермента. У

Глава 3. Аденилатциклаза сердца.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ЧАСТЬ

I. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ.

1.1. Выделение препарата наружных плазматических мембран (легкой сарколеммы) из сердца кролика.

1.2. Солюбилизация и хроматография регуляторного и каталитического компонентов аденилатциклазы сердца

1.3. Выделение кальмодулина из головного мозга быка.

1.4. Выделение препарата плазматических мембран из . стриарной системы головного мозга кролика.

1.5. Выделение препарата плазматических мембран из тромбоцитов человека.

1.6. Определение активности аденилатциклазы.

1.7. Электрофорез в полиакриламидном геле.

1.8. Расчет концентрации свободного Са^+.

1.9. Определение концентрации белка.

1.10. Использованные реактивы.

2. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ.

2.1. Характеристика свойств аденилатциклазы в препарате легкой сарколеммы из сердца кролика.

2.2. Регуляция аденилатциклазы в препарате легкой сарколеммы ионами кальция. Участие кальмодулина в проявлении активирующего влияния Са^+ на активность фермента.

2.3. Солюбилизация, разделение и реконструкция4каталитического компонента и n -белка аденилатциклазного комплекса сердца. Проявление кальмодулинзависимой регуляции на реконструированном комплексе: n -белок-каталитический компонент.

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ.

ВЫВОДЫ.

Введение Диссертация по биологии, на тему "Регуляция аденилатциклазы сердца кролика кальмодулином и регуляторным компонентом, связывающим гуаниловые нуклеотиды"

Расположенная в наружной плазматической мембране клеток эука-риот гормонстимулируемая аденилатциклаза /АТФ-пирофосфат-лиаза(цикли зующая) КШ 4.6 Л Л./ представляет собой трансмембранный комплекс, состоящий по меньшей мере из трех компонентов: гормонального рецептора, регуляторного компонента, связывающего гуаниловые нуклеотиды, (Ng-белка) и собственно каталитического компонента фермента. Гормонсвязывающий участок рецептора экспонирован в межклеточное пространство, а участок связывания гуаниловых нуклеотидов Ng-белка и активный центр каталитического компонента ориентированы в сторону цитоплазмы. Связывание гормона с рецептором вызывает ГТФ-зависимое сопряжение Ng-белка с каталитическим компонентом и появление у последнего способности катализировать образование цАМФ в физиологических условиях. Гидролиз Ns-белком ГТФ до ГДФ и Фн приводит к диссоциации каталитического компонента и Ng-белка и,соответственно, к устранению гормонстимулированной активности фермента. Помимо гормона и ГТФ необходимым кофактором функционального сопряжения ы3-белка и каталитического компонента является Щ2+-. переход Ng-белка в ГТФ-активированную конформацию возможен лишь в присутствии этого катиона /38, 57, 67, 189, 263/.

2+

Са является также важным регулятором активности гормончув-ствительной аденилатциклазы САЦ). В области физиологических концентраций: Са^+ вызывает ингибирование активности этого фермента. Высказывается предположение, что негативная регуляция АЦ ионами кальция осуществляется в результате связывания катиона в регуляторном центре, расположенном на каталитическом компоненте фермента /25, 57, 115, 176, 184, 204, 243, 244, 297/.

АЦ некоторых тканей (головного мозга, почек, кишечника, легких, надпочечников и др.) способна также и активироваться микро

2+ молярными концентрациями Са . Установлено, что эта активация

2+ происходит в результате Са -зависимого сопряжения фермента с ка-льмодулином /9, 33, 42, 44, 47, 50, 65, 100, 103, 207, 234, 242, 316/. Существует точка зрения, что кальмодулин (КМ) регулирует активность особой (КМ-зависимой формы) АЦ, отличной от той, активность которой регулируется гормонами, путем сопряжения каталитического компонента с ns-белком /34, 43, 45/.

АЦ сердца активируется большим числом гормонов: катехоламинами, гистамином, глюкагоном и рядом других эффекторов по "клас

2+ 2+ сическому" мд , ГТФ-зависимому механизму /40, 82, 93/. Са -зависимая регуляция АЦ сердца изучена в значительно меньшей степени. К моменту выполнения настоящей работы было твердо установлено лишь то, что в сердце АЦ ингибируется Са^+, тогда как.вопрос о способности этого фермента активироваться Са^+ опосредовано через сопряжение с КМ оставался открытым /3, 247, 329/.

Целью настоящей работы было на примере АЦ из сердечной мышцы кролика изучить регуляцию АЦ сердца ионами кальция и КМ. Учитывая облигатную роль гуаниловых нуклеотидов в функционировании АЦ комплекса клеток эукариот, особое внимание было уделено характеристи

2+ ке м3-белка и выяснению его роли в Са -зависимой регуляции АЦ сердца КМ. На примере АЦ сердца была подвергнута анализу гипотеза о существовании в тканях двух независимых форм АЦ: КМ-зависимой и гормонрегулируемой. В работе были поставлены следующие задачи: I) выделить высокоочищенный препарат сарколеммы из сердца кролика и охарактеризовать в нем регуляцию АЦ ионами кальция и КМ; выяснить 2+ действие мд , гуаниловых нуклеотидов, гормонов, ионов фтора, фо-рсколина и холерного токсина на активность и Са^+-зависимую регуляцию фермента ; 2) провести солюбилизацию компонентов АЦ сердца из мембраны, разделить их и затем реконструировать каталитический компонент с N -белком и КМ. На реконструированном АЦ комплексе изучить характер регуляции каталитического компонента кгв-белком и КМ.

ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Заключение Диссертация по теме "Биохимия", Панченко, Михаил Павлович

ВЫВОДЫ

1. Доказано, что при микромолярных концентрациях Са2+ кальмоду-лин активирует аденилатциклазу плазматических мембран сердца кролика. Активацию фермента кальмодулином подавляют тропонин I, три-фторперазин и высокое соотношение концентраций мд /са2+.

2. Показано, что кальмодулинзависимая активация аденилатциклазы сердца проявляется как на базальном, так и на активированном изо-протеренолом+ГТФ, 6pp(NH)p, NaF t форсколином уровнях активности фермента. Перечисленные активаторы аденилатциклазы повышают величину кальмодулинзависимой активности фермента, не изменяя кажущегося сродства аденилатциклазы к кальмодулину.

3. Установлено, что кальмодулин не защищает аденилатциклазу сердца от термоинактивации. При термоинактивации достоверное стабилизирующее действие на кальмодулинзависимую активность фермента оказывает Gpp(NH)p.

4. Обнаружено, что кальмодулин не влияет на изомеризацию N^-бел-ка в активированную гуаниловым нуклеотидом и мд2+ конформацию, но активирует аденилатциклазу сердца, повышая число оборотов каталитического компонента фермента, находящегося в функционально активном сопряжении с ns-белком.

5. Сделано заключение, что в сердце не существует особой кальмодулинзависимой формы аденилатциклазы. В присутствии Са2+ и гуа-нилового нуклеотида фермент представлен комплексом: кальмодулин. каталитический компонент- n -белок.

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318. Выражаю глубокую благодарность моему научному руководителю В.А.Ткачуку за постоянное внимание и неустанную заботу во время выполнения диссертационной работы.

319. Считаю также своим долгом поблагодарить Г.Н.Балденкова, Г.Ю. Григоряна, М.Ю.Меньшикова, П.В.Авдонина, Й.В.Свитину-Улитину, Е.И. Ратнер, В.0.Рыбина за ценные замечания при проведении экспериментальных исследований и обсуждении полученных результатов.

320. Искренне благодарен всему коллективу кафедры биохимии за внимание и доброе отношение.