Бесплатный автореферат и диссертация по биологии на тему

Подходы к получению протеолитических антител

ВАК РФ 03.00.04, Биохимия

Содержание диссертации, кандидата химических наук, Воробьев, Иван Иванович

Введение.

Обзор литературы.

Индуцированные абзимы.

Природные каталитические антитела.

Антиидиотипические антитела.

Заключение Диссертация по теме "Биохимия", Воробьев, Иван Иванович

Выводы

1. При иммунизации мышей линии слитным белком, содержащим участки поверхностного гликопротеина ВИЧ-1 §р120 и пептида основного белка миелина, впервые получены протеолитически активные антитела, специфически расщепляющие £р120.

2. Установлен основной сайт расщепления §р120 антителами. Показано, что 48% известных вариантов ВИЧ-1 содержат последовательность, окружающую найденный сайт гидролиза.

3. Впервые продемонстрировано, что антиидиотипическое антитело, воспроизводящее область активного центра протеиназы субтилизин Карлсберг, обладает протеолитической активностью.

4. Предложены чувствительные методы регистрации протеолитической активности абзимов. На примерах бычьего сывороточного альбумина и рибонуклеазы А показано, что антиидиотипическое антитело способно специфически гидролизовать природные полипептиды.

5. Описанные в настоящей работе подходы к получению каталитических антител могут быть применены для создания моноклональных антител, специфически расщепляющих заданные белковые антигены в кровотоке.

Библиография Диссертация по биологии, кандидата химических наук, Воробьев, Иван Иванович, Москва

1. Pauling L. Chemical achievement and hope for the future // Am. Sci. 1948. -Vol.36.-. - p. 51-58.

2. Jencks W.P., Catalysis in chemistry and enzymology. 1969, New York: McGraw-Hill, xvi, 644 p.

3. Raso V. Stollar B.D. The antibody-enzyme analogy. Comparison of enzymes and antibodies specific for phosphopyridoxyltyrosine // Biochemistry. 1975. -Vol. 14.-(3).- p. 591-599.

4. Kohler G. Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity //Nature. 1975. -Vol. 256. -(5517). - p. 495-497.

5. Jerne N.K. Towards a network theory of the immune system // Ann Immunol (Paris). 1974. -Vol. 125C. -(1-2). - p. 373-389.

6. Janda K.D. Lo C.H. Li T. Barbas C.F., 3rd Wirsching P. Lerner R.A. Direct selection for a catalytic mechanism from combinatorial antibody libraries // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 1994. -Vol. 91. -(7). p. 2532-2536.

7. Wirsching P. Ashley J.A. Lo C.H. Janda K.D. Lerner R.A. Reactive immunization// Science. 1995. -Vol. 270. -(5243). - p. 1775-1782.

8. Fisher E. // Berichte Deutsh. Chem. Ges. 1894. -Vol. 27. -. - p. 2968.

9. Kohen F. Kim J.B. Barnard G. Lindner H.R. Antibody-enhanced hydrolysis of steroid esters // Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980. -Vol. 629. -(2). - p. 328337.

10. Kohen F. Kim J.B. Lindner H.R. Eshhar Z. Green B. Monoclonal immunoglobulin G augments hydrolysis of an ester of the homologous hapten: an esterase-like activity of the antibody-containing site? // FEBS Lett. 1980. -Vol. 111. -(2). - p. 427-431.

11. Pollack S.J. Jacobs J.W. Schultz P.G. Selective chemical catalysis by an antibody // Science. 1986. -Vol. 234. -(4783). - p. 1570-1573.

12. Tramontano A. Janda K.D. Lerner R.A. Catalytic antibodies // Science. -1986. -Vol. 234. -(4783). p. 1566-1570.

13. Tramontano A. Ammann A.A. Lerner R.A. Antibody catalysis approaching the activity of enzymes // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988. -Vol. 110. -. - p. 22822286.

14. Shokat K.M. Schultz P.G. Catalytic antibodies // Annu Rev Immunol. 1990. -Vol. 8. -. - p. 335-363.

15. Schultz P.G. The interplay between chemistry and biology in the design of enzymatic catalysts // Science. 1988. -Vol. 240. -(4851). - p. 426-433.

16. Napper A.D. Benkovic S.J. Tramontano A. Lerner R.A. A stereospecific cyclization catalyzed by an antibody // Science. 1987. -Vol. 237. -(4818). -p. 1041-1043.

17. Jackson D.Y. Jacobs H.W. Sugasawara R. Reich S.H. Bartlett P.A. Schultz P.G. An Antibody-catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1988.-Vol. 110.-.- p. 4941-4942.

18. Hilvert D. Nared K.D. Stereospecific Claisen Rearragement Catalyzed by an Antibody // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988. -Vol. 110.-.- p. 5593-5594.

19. Benkovic S.J. Napper A.D. Lerner R.A. Catalysis of a stereospecific bimolecular amide synthesis by an antibody // Proc Natl Acad Sei U S A. -1988. -Vol. 85. -(15). p. 5355-5358.

20. Hilvert D. Hill K.W. Nared K.D. Auditor M.T.M. Antibody Catalysis of a Diels-Alder Reaction // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989. -Vol. 111. -. - p. 92619262.

21. Braisted A.C. Schultz P.G. An Antibody-catalyzed Bimolecular Diels-Alder Reaction // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990. -Vol. 112.-.- p. 7430-7431.

22. Romesberg F.E. Spiller B. Schultz P.G. Stevens R.C. Immunological origins of binding and catalysis in a Diels-Alderase antibody // Science. 1998. -Vol. 279.-(5358). - p. 1929-1933.

23. Braisted A.C. Schultz P.G. An antibody catalyzed oxy-Cope rearragement // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994. -Vol. 116. -. - p. 2211-2212.

24. Mundorff E.C. Hanson M.A. Varvak A. Ulrich H. Schultz P.G. Stevens R.C. Conformational effects in biological catalysis: an antibody-catalyzed oxy-cope rearrangement // Biochemistry. 2000. -Vol. 39. -(4). - p. 627-632.

25. Tawfik D.S. Lindner A.B. Chap R. Eshhar Z. Green B.S. Efficient and selective p-nitrophenyl-ester-hydrolyzing antibodies elicited by a p-nitrobenzyl phosphonate hapten // Eur J Biochem. 1997. -Vol. 244. -(2). - p. 619-626.

26. Suzuki H. Mukouyama E.B. Wada C. Kawamura-Konishi Y. Wada Y. Ono M. A catalytic antibody that accelerates the hydrolysis of carbonate esters. Prediction of the binding-site structure of the substrate // J Protein Chem. -1998.-Vol. 17.-(3).- p. 273-278.

27. Janda K.D. Schloeder D. Benkovic S.J. Lerner R.A. Induction of an antibody that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an amide bond // Science. 1988. -Vol. 241. -(4870).- p. 1188-1191.

28. Blackburn G.M. Kang A.S. Kingsbury G.A. Burton D.R. Catalytic antibodies // Biochem J. 1989. -Vol. 262. -(2). - p. 381-390.

29. Thayer M.M. Olender E.H. Arvai A.S. Koike C.K. Canestrelli I.L. Stewart J.D. Benkovic S.J. Getzoff E.D. Roberts V.A. Structural basis for amide hydrolysis catalyzed by the 43C9 antibody // J Mol Biol. 1999. -Vol. 291. -(2). - p. 329-345.

30. Miyashita H. Karaki Y. Kikuchi M. Fujii I. Prodrug activation via catalytic antibodies // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 1993. -Vol. 90. -(11). p. 53375340.

31. Landry D.W. Zhao K. Yang G.X. Glickman M. Georgiadis T.M. Antibody-catalyzed degradation of cocaine // Science. 1993. -Vol. 259. -(5103). - p. 1899-1901.

32. Janda K.D. Weinhouse M.I. Schloeder D.M. Lerner R.A. Bait and Switch strategy for obtaining catalytic antibodies with acyl transfer capabilities // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990. -Vol. 112. -. - p. 1274-1275.

33. Wentworth P., Jr. Liu Y. Wentworth A.D. Fan P. Foley M.J. Janda K.D. A bait and switch hapten strategy generates catalytic antibodies for phosphodiester hydrolysis // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 1998. -Vol. 95. -(11).- p. 5971-5975.

34. Iverson B.L. Lerner R.A. Sequence-specific peptide cleavage catalyzed by an antibody // Science. 1989. -Vol. 243. -(4895). - p. 1184-1188.

35. Mahy J.P. Desfosses B. de Lauzon S. Quilez R. Desfosses B. Lion L. Mansuy D. Hemoabzymes. Different strategies for obtaining artificial hemoproteins based on antibodies // Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1998. -Vol. 75. -(1). - p. 103-127.

36. Gramatikova S. Mouratou B. Stetefeld J. Mehta P.K. Christen P. Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent catalytic antibodies // J Immunol Methods. 2002. -Vol. 269.-(1-2). - p. 99-110.

37. Mouratou B. Stetefeld J. Identification of functionally important residues in the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent catalytic antibody 15A9 // Biochemistry. 2004. -Vol. 43. -(21). - p. 6612-6619.

38. Baldwin E. Schultz P.G. Generation of a catalytic antibody by site-directed mutagenesis // Science. 1989. -Vol. 245. -(4922). - p. 1104-1107.

39. Pollack S.J. Nakayama G.R. Schultz P.G. Introduction of nucleophiles and spectroscopic probes into antibody combining sites // Science. 1988. -Vol. 242.-(4881).- p. 1038-1040.

40. Fletcher M.C. Kuderova A. Cygler M. Lee J.S. Creation of a ribonuclease abzyme through site-directed mutagenesis // Nat Biotechnol. 1998. -Vol. 16. -(11).- p. 1065-1067.

41. Luo G.M. Zhu Z.Q. Ding L. Gao G. Sun Q.A. Liu Z. Yang T.S. Shen J.C. Generation of selenium-containing abzyme by using chemical mutation // Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994. -Vol. 198. -(3). - p. 1240-1247.

42. Zhu Z.Q. Ding L. Luo G.M. Liu Z. Sun Q.A. Yang T.S. Shen J.C. Some physicochemical and enzymic properties of selenium-containing abzyme // Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994. -Vol. 202. -(3). - p. 1645-1650.

43. Ding L. Liu Z. Zhu Z. Luo G. Zhao D. Ni J. Biochemical characterization of selenium-containing catalytic antibody as a cytosolic glutathione peroxidase mimic // Biochem J. 1998. -Vol. 332 (Pt 1). -. - p. 251-255.

44. Qi D.H. Luo G.M. Zhou L. Yang T.S. Protection of myocardial mitochondria against oxidative damage by selenium-containing abzyme m4G3 // Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1999. -Vol. 82. -(3). - p. 167-173.

45. Janda K.D. Shevlin C.G. Lerner R.A. Antibody catalysis of a disfavored chemical transformation// Science. 1993. -Vol. 259. -(5094). - p. 490-493.

46. Gruber K. Zhou B. Houk K.N. Lerner R.A. Shevlin C.G. Wilson I.A. Structural basis for antibody catalysis of a disfavored ring closure reaction // Biochemistry. 1999. -Vol. 38. -(22). - p. 7062-7074.

47. Shabat D. Itzhaky H. Reymond J.L. Keinan E. Antibody catalysis of a reaction otherwise strongly disfavoured in water // Nature. 1995. -Vol. 374. -(6518).- p. 143-146.

48. Sinha S.C. Keinan E. Catalytic antibodies in organic synthesis. Asymmetric synthesis of (-)-a-multistriatin // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995. -(117). - p. 36533654.

49. Lerner R.A. Barbas C.F., 3rd Using the process of reactive immunization to induce catalytic antibodies with complex mechanisms: aldolases // Acta Chem Scand. 1996. -Vol. 50. -(8). - p. 672-678.

50. Sinha S.C. Barbas C.F., 3rd Lerner R.A. The antibody catalysis route to the total synthesis of epothilones // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 1998. -Vol. 95. -(25). p. 14603-14608.

51. Shabat D. Rader C. List B. Lerner R.A. Barbas C.F., 3rd Multiple event activation of a generic prodrug trigger by antibody catalysis // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 1999. -Vol. 96. -(12). p. 6925-6930.

52. Shamis M. Lode H.N. Shabat D. Bioactivation of self-immolative dendritic prodrugs by catalytic antibody 38C2 // J Am Chem Soc. 2004. -Vol. 126. -(6).- p. 1726-1731.

53. Sinha S.C. Li L.S. Miller G.P. Dutta S. Rader C. Lerner R.A. Prodrugs of dynemicin analogs for selective chemotherapy mediated by an aldolase catalytic Ab // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 2004. -Vol. 101. -(9). p. 30953099.

54. Rader C. Turner J.M. Heine A. Shabat D. Sinha S.C. Wilson I.A. Lerner R.A. Barbas C.F. A humanized aldolase antibody for selective chemotherapy and adaptor immunotherapy // J Mol Biol. 2003. -Vol. 332. -(4). - p. 889-899.

55. Stewart J.D. Benkovic S.J. Transition-state stabilization as a measure of the efficiency of antibody catalysis //Nature. 1995. -Vol. 375. -(6530). - p. 388391.

56. Hilvert D. Critical analysis of antibody catalysis // Annu Rev Biochem. -2000.-Vol. 69.-. p. 751-793.

57. Paul S. Voile D.J. Beach C.M. Johnson D.R. Powell M.J. Massey R.J. Catalytic hydrolysis of vasoactive intestinal peptide by human autoantibody // Science. 1989. -Vol. 244. -(4909). - p. 1158-1162.

58. Sun M. Gao Q.S. Li L. Paul S. Proteolytic activity of an antibody light chain //J Immunol. 1994.-Vol. 153.-(11).- p. 5121-5126.

59. Gao Q.S. Sun M. Tyutyulkova S. Webster D. Rees A. Tramontano A. Massey R.J. Paul S. Molecular cloning of a proteolytic antibody light chain // J Biol Chem. 1994. -Vol. 269. -(51). - p. 32389-32393.

60. Gao Q.S. Sun M. Rees A.R. Paul S. Site-directed mutagenesis of proteolytic antibody light chain // J Mol Biol. 1995. -Vol. 253. -(5). - p. 658-664.

61. Sun M. Paul S. Altered cleavage site preference of a proteolytic antibody light chain induced by denaturation // FEBS Lett. 1997. -Vol. 407. -(3). - p. 289290.

62. Gololobov G. Sun M. Paul S. Innate antibody catalysis // Mol Immunol. -1999. -Vol. 36. -(18). p. 1215-1222.

63. Paul S. Li L. Kalaga R. Wilkins-Stevens P. Stevens F.J. Solomon A. Natural catalytic antibodies: peptide-hydrolyzing activities of Bence Jones proteins and VL fragment // J Biol Chem. 1995. -Vol. 270. -(25). - p. 15257-15261.

64. Гололобов Г.В. Шустер A.M. Квашук Щ.А. Габибов А.Г. Антиидиотипические и каталитически активные антитела // Молекулярная Биология. 1991. -Vol. 25. -. - р. 593-602.

65. Shuster A.M. Gololobov G.V. Kvashuk O.A. Bogomolova A.E. Smirnov I.V. Gabibov A.G. DNA hydrolyzing autoantibodies // Science. 1992. -Vol. 256. -(5057).- p. 665-667.

66. Gololobov G.V. Mikhalap S.V. Starov A.V. Kolesnikov A.F. Gabibov A.G. DNA-protein complexes. Natural targets for DNA-hydrolyzing antibodies // Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1994. -Vol. 47. -(2-3). - p. 305-314; discussion 314-305.

67. Барановский А.Г. Матюшин В.Г. Власов А.В. Забара В.Г. Наумов В.А. Гиг Р. Бунева В.Н. Невинский Г.А. ДНК- и РНК-гидролизующие113антитела из крови больных различными формами вирусных гепатитов // Биохимия. 1997. -Vol. 62. -(12). - р. 1358-1366.

68. Gabibov A.G. Gololobov G.V. Makarevich O.I. Schourov D.V. Chernova E.A. Yadav R.P. DNA-hydrolyzing autoantibodies // Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1994. -Vol. 47. -(2-3). - p. 293-302; discussion 303.

69. Janeway C., Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease. // 6th ed. 2005, New York: Garland Science.

70. Planque S. Bangale Y. Song X.T. Karle S. Taguchi H. Poindexter B. Bick R. Edmundson A. Nishiyama Y. Paul S. Ontogeny of proteolytic immunity: IgM serine proteases // J Biol Chem. 2004. -Vol. 279. -(14). - p. 14024-14032.

71. Li L. Paul S. Tyutyulkova S. Kazatchkine M.D. Kaveri S. Catalytic activity of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies //J Immunol. 1995. -Vol. 154. -(7). - p. 33283332.

72. Rangan S.K. Liu R. Brune D. Planque S. Paul S. Sierks M.R. Degradation of beta-amyloid by proteolytic antibody light chains // Biochemistry. 2003. -Vol. 42. -(48). - p. 14328-14334.

73. Ponomarenko N.A. Durova O.M. Vorob'ev I.I. Suchkov S.V. Gabibov A.G. On the catalytic activity of autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis // Dokl Biochem Biophys. 2004. -Vol. 395. -. - p. 120-123.

74. Kreuz W. Ettingshausen C.E. Auerswald G. Saguer I.M. Becker S. Funk M. Heller C. Klarmann D. Klingebiel T. Epidemiology of inhibitors and current treatment strategies // Haematologica. 2003. -Vol. 88. -(6). - p. EREP04.

75. Kit Y. Semenov D.V. Nevinsky G.A. Phosphorylation of different human milk proteins by human catalytic secretory immunoglobulin A // Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1996. -Vol. 39. -(3). - p. 521-527.

76. Gorbunov D.V. Semenov D.V. Shipitsin M.V. Kit Y.Y. Kanyshkova T.G. Buneva V.N. Nevinsky G.A. Phosphorylation of Minor Lipids of Human Milk Tightly Bound to Secretory Immunoglobulin A // Russ J Immunol. -2000. -Vol. 5. -(3). p. 267-278.

77. Buneva V.N. Kanyshkova T.G. Vlassov A.V. Semenov D.V. Khlimankov D. Breusova L.R. Nevinsky G.A. Catalytic DNA- and RNA-hydrolyzing antibodies from milk of healthy human mothers // Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1998.-Vol. 75.-(1).- p. 63-76.

78. Stepaniak L. Isolation and partial characterization of catalytic antibodies with oligonuclease activity from bovine colostrum // Prep Biochem Biotechnol. -2002. -Vol. 32. -(1). p. 17-28.

79. Savel'ev A.N. Kanyshkova T.G. Kulminskaya A.A. Buneva V.N. Eneyskaya E.V. Filatov M.V. Nevinsky G.A. Neustroev K.N. Amylolytic activity of IgG and slgA immunoglobulins from human milk // Clin Chim Acta. 2001. -Vol. 314. -(1-2).- p. 141-152.

80. Tyutyulkova S. Gao Q.S. Thompson A. Rennard S. Paul S. Efficient vasoactive intestinal polypeptide hydrolyzing autoantibody light chains selected by phage display // Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996. -Vol. 1316. -(3). -p. 217-223.

81. Li L. Kalaga R. Paul S. Proteolytic components of serum IgG preparations // Clin Exp Immunol. 2000. -Vol. 120. -(2). - p. 261-266.

82. Kalaga R. Li L. O'Dell J.R. Paul S. Unexpected presence of polyreactive catalytic antibodies in IgG from unimmunized donors and decreased levels in rheumatoid arthritis // J Immunol. 1995. -Vol. 155. -(5). - p. 2695-2702.

83. Hifumi E. Ohara K. Niimi Y. Uda T. Removal of catalytic activity by EDTA from antibody light chain // Biometals. 2000. -Vol. 13. -(4). - p. 289-294.

84. Hifumi E. Okamoto Y. Uda T. How and why 41S-2 antibody subunits acquire the ability to catalyze decomposition of the conserved sequence of gp41 of HIV-1 // Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2000. -Vol. 83. -(1-3). - p. 209-219; discussion 219-220, 297-313.

85. Hifumi E. Mitsuda Y. Ohara K. Uda T. Targeted destruction of the HIV-1 coat protein gp41 by a catalytic antibody light chain // J Immunol Methods. -2002. -Vol. 269. -(1-2). p. 283-298.

86. Mitsuda Y. Hifumi E. Tsuruhata K. Fujinami H. Yamamoto N. Uda T. Catalytic antibody light chain capable of cleaving a chemokine receptor CCR-5 peptide with a high reaction rate constant // Biotechnol Bioeng. 2004. -Vol. 86.-(2).- p. 217-225.

87. Hifumi E. Hatiuchi K. Okuda T. Nishizono A. Okamura Y. Uda T. Specific degradation of H. pylori urease by a catalytic antibody light chain // Febs J. -2005. -Vol. 272. -(17). p. 4497-4505.

88. Ohara K. Munakata H. Hifumi E. Uda T. Matsuura K. Improvement of catalytic antibody activity by protease processing // Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004. -Vol. 315. -(3). - p. 612-616.

89. Mitsuda Y. Tsuruhata K. Hifumi E. Takagi M. Uda T. Investigation of active form of catalytic antibody light chain 41S-2-L // Immunol Lett. 2005. -Vol. 96.-(1).- p. 63-71.

90. Wentworth A.D. Jones L.H. Wentworth P., Jr. Janda K.D. Lerner R.A. Antibodies have the intrinsic capacity to destroy antigens // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 2000. -Vol. 97. -(20). p. 10930-10935.

91. Wentworth P., Jr. Jones L.H. Wentworth A.D. Zhu X. Larsen N.A. Wilson I.A. Xu X. Goddard W.A., 3rd Janda K.D. Eschenmoser A. Lerner R.A. Antibody catalysis of the oxidation of water // Science. 2001. -Vol. 293. -(5536).- p. 1806-1811.

92. Datta D. Vaidehi N. Xu X. Goddard W.A., 3rd Mechanism for antibody catalysis of the oxidation of water by singlet dioxygen // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 2002. -Vol. 99. -(5). p. 2636-2641.

93. Zhu X. Wentworth P., Jr. Wentworth A.D. Eschenmoser A. Lerner R.A. Wilson I.A. Probing the antibody-catalyzed water-oxidation pathway at atomic resolution // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 2004. -Vol. 101. -(8). p. 2247-2252.

94. Babior B.M. Takeuchi C. Ruedi J. Gutierrez A. Wentworth P., Jr. Investigating antibody-catalyzed ozone generation by human neutrophils // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 2003. -Vol. 100. -(6). p. 3031-3034.

95. Dickerson T.J. Yamamoto N. Janda K.D. Antibody-catalyzed oxidative degradation of nicotine using riboflavin // Bioorg Med Chem. 2004. -Vol. 12.-(18). - p. 4981-4987.

96. Oudin J. Michel M. Une nouvelle forme d^allotypie des globulines g du serum de lapin, apparemment liee a la fonction et la specificite des anticorps // C. R. Acad. Sci. 1963. -Vol. 257. -. - p. 805-808.

97. Pan Y. Yuhasz S.C. Amzel L.M. Anti-idiotypic antibodies: biological function and structural studies // Faseb J. 1995. -Vol. 9. -(1). - p. 43-49.

98. Strosberg A.D., Interaction of anti-idiotypic antibodies with membrane receptors: practical considerations, in Methods Enzymol. 1989. p. 179-191.

99. McNamara M.K. Ward R.E. Kohler H. Monoclonal idiotope vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection // Science. 1984. -Vol. 226. -(4680). -p. 1325-1326.

100. Kennedy R.C. Eichberg J.W. Lanford R.E. Dreesman G.R. Anti-idiotypic antibody vaccine for type B viral hepatitis in chimpanzees // Science. 1986. -Vol. 232. -(4747). - p. 220-223.

101. Rimmelzwann G.F. Bunschoten E.J. Uytdehaag F.G.C.M. Osterhaus A.D.M.E., Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody vaccines against poliovirus, canine parvovirus and rabies virus, in Methods Enzymol. 1989. p. 375-390.

102. Fleuridor R. Zhong Z. Pirofski L. A human IgM monoclonal antibody prolongs survival of mice with lethal cryptococcosis // J Infect Dis. 1998. -Vol. 178.-(4).- p. 1213-1216.

103. Tripathi P.K. Qin H. Deng S. Xu C. Bhattacharya-Chatterjee M. Foon K.A. Chatterjee S.K. Antigen mimicry by an anti-idiotypic antibody single chain variable fragment // Mol Immunol. 1998. -Vol. 35. -(13). - p. 853-863.

104. Nisonoff A. Idiotypes: concepts and applications // J Immunol. 1991. -Vol. 147. -(8). - p. 2429-2438.

105. Gaulton G.N. Greene M.I. Idiotypic mimicry of biological receptors // Annu Rev Immunol. 1986. -Vol. 4. -. - p. 253-280.

106. Bentley G.A. Boulot G. Riottot M.M. Poljak R.J. Three-dimensional structure of an idiotope-anti-idiotope complex // Nature. 1990. -Vol. 348. -(6298). -p. 254-257.

107. Ban N. Escobar C. Garcia R. Hasel K. Day J. Greenwood A. McPherson A. Crystal structure of an idiotype-anti-idiotype Fab complex // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 1994. -Vol. 91. -(5). p. 1604-1608.

108. Garcia K.C. Ronco P.M. Verroust P.J. Brunger A.T. Amzel L.M. Three-dimensional structure of an angiotensin II-Fab complex at 3 A: hormone recognition by an anti-idiotypic antibody // Science. 1992. -Vol. 257. -(5069). - p. 502-507.

109. Avalle B. Thomas D. Friboulet A. Functional mimicry: elicitation of a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody hydrolizing beta-lactams // Faseb J. -1998.-Vol. 12.-(11).- p. 1055-1060.

110. Lamotte-Brasseur J. Dive G. Dideberg O. Charlier P. Frere J.M. Ghuysen J.M. Mechanism of acyl transfer by the class A serine beta-lactamase of Streptomyces albus G//Biochem J. 1991. -Vol. 279 (Pt 1).-.- p. 213-221.

111. Lefevre S. Debat H. Thomas D. Friboulet A. Avalle B. A suicide-substrate mechanism for hydrolysis of beta-lactams by an anti-idiotypic catalytic antibody // FEBS Lett. 2001. -Vol. 489. -(1). - p. 25-28.

112. Avalle B. Debat H. Friboulet A. Thomas D. Catalytic mechanism of an abzyme displaying a beta-lactamase-like activity // Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2000. -Vol. 83. -(1-3). - p. 163-169; discussion 169-171, 297-313.

113. Sambrook J. Fritsch E.F. Maniatis T., Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. // 2nd ed. 1989, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

114. Lee S.Y. Rasheed S. A simple procedure for maximum yield of high-quality plasmid DNA // Biotechniques. 1990. -Vol. 9. -(6). - p. 676-679.

115. Laemmli U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 //Nature. 1970. -Vol. 227. -(5259). - p. 680-685.

116. Harlow E. Lane D., Antibodies: a laboratory manual. 1988, Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

117. Miller D. Karpus W.J., Current protocols in immunology, J.E. Coligan, Editor. 1996, Wiley: New York., p. Supplement 19, Unit 15.11.

118. Swain S.L. Helper T cell differentiation // Curr Opin Immunol. 1999. -Vol. 11.-(2).- p. 180-185.

119. Carter L.L. Zhang X. Dubey C. Rogers P. Tsui L. Swain S.L. Regulation of T cell subsets from naive to memory // J Immunother. 1998. -Vol. 21. -(3). -p. 181-187.

120. Voss E.W., Jr. Workman C.J. Mummert M.E. Detection of protease activity using a fluorescence-enhancement globular substrate // Biotechniques. 1996. -Vol. 20.-(2). - p. 286-291.

121. Poignard P. Saphire E.O. Parren P.W. Burton D.R. gpl20: Biologic aspects of structural features // Annu Rev Immunol. 2001. -Vol. 19. -. - p. 253-274.

122. Tang H. Kuhen K.L. Wong-Staal F. Lentivirus replication and regulation // Annu Rev Genet. 1999. -Vol. 33. -. - p. 133-170.

123. Burton D.R. Parren P.W. Vaccines and the induction of functional antibodies: time to look beyond the molecules of natural infection? // Nat Med. 2000. -Vol. 6.-(2).- p. 123-125.

124. Burton D.R. A vaccine for HIV type 1: the antibody perspective // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 1997. -Vol. 94. -(19). p. 10018-10023.

125. Pollard S.R. Meier W. Chow P. Rosa J.J. Wiley D.C. CD4-binding regions of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gpl20 defined by proteolytic digestion // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991. -Vol. 88. -(24). - p. 11320-11324.

126. Blankson J.N. Persaud D. Siliciano R.F. The challenge of viral reservoirs in HIV-1 infection // Annu Rev Med. 2002. -Vol. 53. -. - p. 557-593.

127. Moore J.P. Ho D.D. Antibodies to discontinuous or conformationally sensitive epitopes on the gpl20 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are highly prevalent in sera of infected humans // J Virol. 1993. -Vol. 67. -(2). - p. 863-875.

128. Watanabe-Fukunaga R. Brannan C.I. Copeland N.G. Jenkins N.A. Nagata S. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis //Nature. 1992. -Vol. 356. -(6367). - p. 314-317.123

129. Anderson A.C. Reddy J. Nazareno R. Sobel R.A. Nicholson L.B. Kuchroo V.K. IL-10 plays an important role in the homeostatic regulation of the autoreactive repertoire in naive mice // J Immunol. 2004. -Vol. 173. -(2). -p. 828-834.

130. Bernard C.C. Carnegie P.R. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: immunologic response to mouse spinal cord and myelin basic proteins //J Immunol. 1975. -Vol. 114. -(5). - p. 1537-1540.

131. Fritz R.B. Chou C.H. McFarlin D.E. Relapsing murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by myelin basic protein // J Immunol. 1983. -Vol. 130.-(3).- p. 1024-1026.

132. Tuohy V.K. Sobel R.A. Lees M.B. Myelin proteolipid protein-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Variations of disease expression in different strains of mice //J Immunol. 1988. -Vol. 140. -(6). - p. 1868-1873.

133. Sakai K. Zamvil S.S. Mitchell D.J. Lim M. Rothbard J.B. Steinman L. Characterization of a major encephalitogenic T cell epitope in SJL/J mice with synthetic oligopeptides of myelin basic protein // J Neuroimmunol. -1988.-Vol. 19.-(1-2).- p. 21-32.

134. Evan G.I. Lewis G.K. Ramsay G. Bishop J.M. Isolation of monoclonal antibodies specific for human c-myc proto-oncogene product // Mol Cell Biol. 1985. -Vol. 5. -(12). - p. 3610-3616.

135. Hansen J.E. Lund O. Nielsen J.O. Brunak S. Hansen J.-E.S. Prediction of the secondary structure of HIV-1 gpl20 // Proteins. 1996. -Vol. 25. -. - p. 1-11.

136. Page K.A. Landau N.R. Littman D.R. Construction and use of a human immunodeficiency virus vector for analysis of virus infectivity // J Virol. -1990. -Vol. 64. -(11). p. 5270-5276.

137. Bessette P.H. Aslund F. Beckwith J. Georgiou G. Efficient folding of proteins with multiple disulfide bonds in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.- 1999. -Vol. 96. -(24). p. 13703-13708.

138. Yeh J.C. Seals J.R. Murphy C.I. van Halbeek H. Cummings R.D. Site-specific N-glycosylation and oligosaccharide structures of recombinant HIV-1 gpl20 derived from a baculovirus expression system // Biochemistry. 1993. -Vol. 32.-(41).- p. 11087-11099.

139. Schwartz R.S., in Fundamental immunology, W.E. Paul, Editor. 1993, Raven Press: New York. p. 1033-1097.

140. Pillet D. Paon M. Vorobiev, II Gabibov A.G. Thomas D. Friboulet A. Idiotypic network mimicry and antibody catalysis: lessons for the elicitation of efficient anti-idiotypic protease antibodies // J Immunol Methods. 2002. -Vol. 269.-(1-2). - p. 5-12.

141. HIV Sequence Databases. 2002, Los Alamos National Laboratory.

142. Avalle B. Friboulet A. Thomas D. Screening of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies. A critical step for producing anti-idiotypic catalytic antibodies // Ann NY Acad Sci. 1998. -Vol. 864. -. - p. 118-130.

143. Gron H. Meldal M. Breddam K. Extensive comparison of the substrate preferences of two subtilisins as determined with peptide substrates which are based on the principle of intramolecular quenching // Biochemistry. 1992. -Vol. 31.-(26).- p. 6011-6018.

144. Kim J.S. Raines R.T. Ribonuclease S-peptide as a carrier in fusion proteins // Protein Sci. 1993. -Vol. 2. -(3). - p. 348-356.

145. Fisher B.M. Schultz L.W. Raines R.T. Coulombic effects of remote subsites on the active site of ribonuclease A // Biochemistry. 1998. -Vol. 37. -(50). -p. 17386-17401.

146. Schultz P.G. Yin J. Lerner R.A. The chemistry of the antibody molecule // Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2002. -Vol. 41. -(23). - p. 4427-4437.

147. Paul S. Planque S. Zhou Y.X. Taguchi H. Bhatia G. Karle S. Hanson C. Nishiyama Y. Specific HIV gpl20-cleaving antibodies induced by covalently reactive analog of gpl20 // J Biol Chem. 2003. -Vol. 278. -(22). - p. 2042920435.